Artificial Intelligence (AI) Adoption in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET): A Review

Abstract

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping educational practices across all sectors, including Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET). This review explores the current landscape of AI adoption in TVET, highlighting its applications, benefits, and challenges. AI technologies such as personalized learning systems, intelligent tutoring, generative AI tools, chatbots, and AI-powered virtual and augmented reality are increasingly being integrated into TVET to enhance teaching, learning, and administration. These innovations enable adaptive and data-driven learning experiences, improve assessment accuracy, support instructors in curriculum design, and align training programs with evolving industry needs. Despite these opportunities, the review identifies several challenges that hinder effective implementation, including limited infrastructure, inadequate instructor preparedness, policy constraints, ethical and data privacy issues, and socio-cultural resistance. Addressing these barriers is essential to ensure equitable and sustainable AI integration in vocational education. The review concludes that AI has immense potential to transform TVET into a more personalized, efficient, and future-oriented system, fostering skills that meet the demands of the digital economy. It calls for collaborative efforts among educators, policymakers, and industry stakeholders to promote responsible AI use and build capacity for innovation in the TVET sector.